Preterm Birth Complications: Risks, Causes & Care

Bringing a baby into the world is one of life’s greatest joys, but sometimes, babies arrive earlier than expected. A preterm birth occurs when a baby is born before 37 weeks of pregnancy. While medical advances have improved the survival rates of premature babies, preterm birth complications can affect both the baby and the mother. At Vydehi Hospital, Bangalore, our specialized obstetric and neonatal care teams ensure that both mother and child receive timely treatment and support.

Understanding Preterm Birth

Preterm birth is classified into categories based on gestational age:

• Late Preterm (34–36 weeks) – Babies may look healthy but still face complications like breathing issues or feeding problems.
• Moderately Preterm (32–34 weeks) – Require medical monitoring due to immature organ development.
• Very Preterm (28–32 weeks) – Higher risk of serious complications and need NICU care.
• Extremely Preterm (<28 weeks) – Require intensive care, as survival rates depend heavily on specialized medical support.

Preterm Birth Risks & Health Complications for Babies

Premature babies often face immediate and long-term challenges, including:

1. Breathing Problems – Underdeveloped lungs can cause conditions like respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).
2. Feeding Difficulties – Babies may struggle with sucking and swallowing.
3. Low Birth Weight – Increases chances of infections and delayed growth.
4. Brain Complications – Higher risk of bleeding in the brain or developmental delays.
5. Vision & Hearing Issues – Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) or hearing problems can develop.
6. Digestive Problems – Such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).
7. Long-Term Effects in Adulthood – Preterm babies may face learning difficulties, chronic health issues, or reduced fertility later in life.
   

Complications of Preterm Birth for Mothers

Preterm labor can also affect the mother’s health, including:

• Increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage
• Emotional stress and anxiety due to NICU admission of the baby
• Potential delivery complications requiring C-section
• Higher risk of complications in future pregnancies
  

Causes & Risk Factors of Preterm Birth

Some pregnancies face higher risks of early delivery. Common causes and risk factors include:

• Multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets)
• Infections during pregnancy
• Chronic conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, or thyroid disorders
• Cervical or uterine abnormalities
• Smoking, alcohol, or drug use
• Previous history of preterm birth
• Stress and inadequate prenatal care

At Vydehi Hospital, our obstetricians identify these risks early and provide preventive care to reduce the chance of premature delivery.

Complications of Preterm Labor by Week

• 34–36 Weeks (Late Preterm): Breathing and feeding difficulties, jaundice.
• 32–34 Weeks: Growth delays, temperature instability.
• 28–32 Weeks: Higher chances of respiratory distress and infections.
• <28 Weeks: Significant risks of organ immaturity and long-term developmental issues.

Care & Treatment at Vydehi Hospital

Vydehi Hospital offers state-of-the-art Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) facilities equipped to manage all levels of preterm birth complications. Our approach includes:

• Advanced respiratory support for underdeveloped lungs
• Nutrition management through IV or tube feeding
• Regular developmental screenings
• Parental counseling and support for emotional wellbeing
• Preventive care to minimize risks in future pregnancies

Early Signs of Preterm Labor to Watch For

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult a doctor immediately:

• Regular contractions before 37 weeks
• Vaginal bleeding or fluid leakage
• Low, dull back pain or pelvic pressure
• Abdominal cramping similar to menstrual cramps

Conclusion

Preterm birth can be a challenging journey, but with expert care, advanced facilities, and timely medical intervention, many premature babies grow up healthy. At Vydehi Hospital, Bangalore, we are committed to ensuring the best possible outcomes for both mothers and babies through compassionate care and medical excellence.

Also Read, How To Take Loving Care Of A Pregnant Woman Every day?

FAQs on Preterm Birth Complications

Q1. What are the most common complications of preterm birth?
Breathing problems, feeding difficulties, infections, and developmental delays are common in preterm babies.

Q2. Can preterm birth affect the mother’s health?
Yes, mothers may face emotional stress, postpartum complications, or risks in future pregnancies.

Q3. How can preterm birth be prevented?
Regular prenatal checkups, managing chronic conditions, avoiding smoking/alcohol, and timely medical guidance can reduce risks.

Q4. Do premature babies catch up with full-term babies?
With proper medical care, nutrition, and developmental support, many premature babies catch up in growth and milestones by early childhood.

Q5. Does Vydehi Hospital provide NICU facilities?
Yes, Vydehi Hospital offers advanced NICU care with round-the-clock neonatal specialists.