Understanding Polio: Symptoms, Causes, Prevention, and Treatment

Polio, also known as poliomyelitis, is a highly infectious viral disease that once caused widespread epidemics across the world. Thanks to the discovery of the polio vaccine, the global cases of polio have drastically reduced, but the disease still poses a threat in some regions. At Vydehi Hospital, we believe in spreading awareness about polio, its causes, symptoms, and prevention through vaccination.

What is Polio?

Polio is caused by the poliovirus, which primarily affects young children but can also infect adults. The virus invades the nervous system and, in severe cases, can lead to permanent paralysis or even death. Polio is transmitted through:

• Contaminated food and water
• Contact with an infected person’s stool
• Less commonly, via respiratory droplets

History of Polio

Polio outbreaks were first documented in the late 19th century, and by the mid-20th century, it had become one of the most feared diseases. Before the development of the vaccine, thousands of people were paralyzed each year. The introduction of the polio vaccine discovered by Dr. Jonas Salk in 1955 changed the course of history. Later, the oral vaccine developed by Dr. Albert Sabin helped accelerate global eradication efforts.

Symptoms of Polio

Most people infected with the poliovirus do not show symptoms. However, in some cases, symptoms may appear within 7–14 days, including:

• Fever, sore throat, and headache
• Fatigue and nausea
• Muscle pain and stiffness
• Tingling or weakness in the limbs

In severe cases, polio can cause paralysis, and some patients required a device called the iron lung in the past to help them breathe.

Types of Polio

There are three main types of polio infections:

1. Abortive Polio – Mild flu-like symptoms.
2. Non-paralytic Polio – Stiffness, muscle spasms, and meningitis-like symptoms.
3. Paralytic Polio – The rarest but most severe form, leading to permanent paralysis.

Cause of Poliomyelitis Disease

The causes of poliomyelitis disease are directly linked to the poliovirus. Poor sanitation and lack of immunization are major risk factors, making vaccination the most effective preventive measure.

Polio Vaccine and Its Importance

The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives. There are two main types of polio virus vaccines:

IPV (Inactivated Polio Vaccine) – Given as an injection.

The polio vaccine schedule in India includes multiple doses at 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks, and a booster at 16–24 months. Even adults who missed their childhood vaccinations can take the polio vaccine for adults to ensure protection.

Where to Get Polio Vaccine?

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

The polio vaccine side effects are generally mild and temporary, such as slight fever, redness, or swelling at the injection site. Rarely, some may experience an adverse reaction to the polio vaccine, but the benefits of immunization far outweigh the risks.

Treatment of Polio

Unfortunately, there is no cure for polio once a person is infected. Polio treatment focuses on supportive care, including:

• Pain relief
• Physical therapy
• Use of mobility aids
• Assisted breathing support in severe cases

This is why prevention through vaccination is the most effective solution.

Global Eradication and Awareness

So, where did polio come from? Historically, polio existed for centuries, but large outbreaks emerged in the 20th century. Today, due to consistent vaccination drives, polio has been eliminated from most countries. However, until it is eradicated everywhere, it remains a global health priority.

Why Choose Vydehi Hospital?

At Vydehi Hospital, we are committed to preventive healthcare through awareness and immunization. Our expert doctors and vaccination centers ensure that children and adults receive the complete polio vaccine schedule for lifelong protection.

Conclusion

Polio is a preventable disease, and vaccination is the key to a polio-free world. If you have missed any doses, consult your doctor today and ensure complete protection for you and your family. Remember, timely vaccination is not only for your safety but also for the health of future generations.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Polio

1. What is polio and how is it caused?
   Polio is caused by the poliovirus, which spreads through contaminated food, water, or direct contact with an infected person. It mainly affects the nervous system and can cause paralysis in severe cases.
2. How is polio transmitted?
   Polio spreads primarily through the fecal-oral route, meaning contact with infected stool or contaminated water. It can also spread, less commonly, through respiratory droplets.
3. What are the symptoms of polio?
   Most people show no symptoms, but common signs include fever, sore throat, fatigue, nausea, and muscle stiffness. In rare cases, it may cause permanent paralysis.
4. Is polio curable?
   There is no cure for polio. Polio treatment focuses on supportive care like pain management, physical therapy, and in severe cases, breathing support. Prevention through vaccination is the only way to stay protected.
5. What is the polio vaccine schedule in India?
   The polio vaccine schedule includes doses at 6 weeks, 10 weeks, and 14 weeks, with a booster between 16–24 months. Both IPV (injection) and OPV (oral drops) are used.
6. Can adults take the polio vaccine?
   Yes. Adults who missed childhood vaccinations can receive the polio vaccine for adults for protection, especially before traveling to polio-affected regions.
7. Are there any side effects of the polio vaccine?
   The polio vaccine side effects are usually mild, such as fever or swelling at the injection site. Serious adverse reactions are extremely rare.
8. Who discovered the polio vaccine?
   The first effective polio vaccine was discovered by Dr. Jonas Salk in 1955. Later, Dr. Albert Sabin developed the oral polio vaccine, which made mass immunization easier.
9. Where can I get the polio vaccine near me?
   You can get the polio vaccine near you at trusted healthcare providers. Vydehi Hospital offers safe and reliable vaccination services for children and adults.
10. Is polio still a threat today?
    Yes, though polio has been eliminated from most countries, it still exists in some parts of the world. Global eradication efforts continue, and vaccination remains crucial to ensure a polio-free future.